Hari ku munsi wa mbere w’icyumweru kibanziriza ukwezi kw’Ukwakira , ku itariki ya 01 umwaka wa 1990 ,ubwo mu karere k’Umutara ,ahari umupaka wa Kagitumba ,ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyagatare humvikanaga inkuru y’uko igihugu cy’u Rwanda cyinjiwemo n’Ingabo z’umutwe wa FPR-Inkotanyi.
Radiyo Rwanda yatangiye gucuranga imiziki y’igisirikare ,igihugu cyose abantu batangira kwibaza ibibaye ,gahoro gahoro ariko iby’iyi ntambara bigenda bisobanuka.
Uwavuga ariko ko iyi ntambara ntawe yatunguye ntiyaba abeshye, kuko itangazamakuru ryari rimaze igihe ribihwihwisa ,cyane cyane nyuma y’urugendo rwa Papa Yohana Paulo wa Kabiri ,byavugwaga ko nataha u Rwanda ruzaterwa ,n’ubwo nta numwe wagaragazaga ihuriro ry’ukuza kwa Papa mu Rwanda ,n’iterwa ry’u Rwanda ryavugwaga nyirizina!
Ni abasirikare bababarirwaga mu bihumbi 5 nk’uko amwe mu makuru yacicikanaga yakomezaga abivuga.
Muri icyo gihe iki cyari igitero kitari cyoroshye ,cyane ko rwari urugamba rutari rworoshye ku mpamvu ahanini umuntu yakubira mu ngingo 3 zikurikira gusa.
Ingingo ya mbere : Uru rwari urugamba byanze bikunze rwari rugiye guhanganisha abantu bahuje ubwenegihugu ( Guerre fratricide ) .
Bene ubu bwoko bw’intambara ,buroroha kubutangira ariko kuyirangiza bikaba ingorane.
Ingingo ya Kabiri: Yari intambara abitwaga inyeshyamba barushaga ubuhanga izari ingabo z’igihugu ku ikubitiro ,kubera ko izi Ngabo za FPR –Inkotanyi zari zikubutse mu zindi ntambara zabicaga bigacika mu gihugu cya Uganda .
Ikindi kandi kuba izi ngabo z’Inkotanyi zari ku rugero rw’umubare ujya kungana n’Ingabo za Habyarimana Yuvenali ubwa byo byashoboraga kuba ikibazo ku butegetsi.
Byumvikane ko niba koko Ex-FAR yari ifite abasirikare 7000 nk’uko amwe mu makuru abyemeza ,aba bari abasirikare bacye cyane kubera ko bagombaga kurwana intambara ,hakagira n’abasigara barinze imipaka yindi n’ahandi hakenewe mu gihugu.
Mu gihe inyeshyamba zo kwari ukurwana zinarinda aho zamaze gufata, nyamara zo nta zindi nshingano zo ku ruhande zari zizihangayikishije ,uretse guhangana no kubona ibikoresho ,no gukora ubukangurambaga ku isi yose mu kumvikanisha impamvu y’intambara yari imaze kurota.
Ingingo ya gatatu : Kuri iyi mpamvu yatumaga iyi intambara yigaragaza nk’itoroshye ,hariho kuba FPR-Inkotanyi itari bwabone ubutunzi na diplomasi byatuma irwana na Leta yari imaze imyaka 16 yiyubaka mu bukungu n’ububanyi n’amahanga.
Muri izi ngingo zose zigaragajwe , nta n’imwe yari yoroshye kuba warenza ingohe nk’idafite icyo ivuze .
Nk’uko bigaragara ku ngingo ya mbere ,ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zikimara kugaba igitero ,ku munsi wa Kane wonyine urugamba rutangiye ,Leta ya Habyarimana yahise itangiza poropaganda yo kwangisha abaturage Inkotanyi ,kandi ihita ibihuza no gukora ikinamico yo kurasa mu mujyi wa Kigali ,kugira ngo hashimangirwe ko ubuvandimwe bw’uwo ariwe wese mu bari batuye mu Rwanda n’undi uri mu Nkotanyi zari zimaze gutera, byari bimaze kuba nk’icyaha.
Nguko uko abantu bafashwe bagafungwa ,abandi bakicwa, ngo aha ni ibyitso by’abateye igihugu.
Ubuvandimwe aha buvugwa ni ikintu cyose cyagaragazaga isano n’amahuriro y’icyo FPR yarwaniraga , mu kubihuza n’ubuzima bw’abari imbere mu Rwanda icyo gihe cy’imyaka ya za 1990 ,mbere na nyuma y’aho.
Uku gufungwa no gutotezwa ariko kwabaye mu rundi ruhande nk’imbarutso y’uko bamwe mu banyarwanda batari bazi uko ibintu biteye , maze bamwe batangira kwibaza bati “Niba umuturanyi wanjye bamufunze ,n’undi bakamutwara ,bazira kwitwa ko hari isano bafitanye b’abateye igihugu ,ubwo ni ukuvuga ko abateye bafite kuba na bo ari Abanyarwanda nk’ubw’abandi bari gufungwa no gutotezwa”.
Ni uko ibintu byahise byumvikana, mu buryo butagoranye.
Ni muri urwo rwego ikinyoma cy’uko Uganda yateye u Rwanda cyabuze ireme , kubera ko mu bahigwaga kuba bene wabo w’Inkotanyi nta munya Uganda wari urimo.
Ibi kandi byanabaye nk’ibikangurira abantu ko n’ubwo Leta yageregezaga kuryarya abantu ko hari Ubumwe n’Amahoro ndetse n’Amajyambere nk’uko Siloga ya MRND yakomezaga ibibwira abaturage,ko nta cyari ukuri muri byose .
Kuko nta kuntu igihugu cyagombaga guterwa n’abasirikare bari bambutse umupaka wa Kagitumba ,ngo biryozwe umuturage w’ikantarange iyo za Cyangugu n’ahandi ,atari aazi n’aho Kagitumba iherereye.
Ibi rero ni byo byaje kubera ihurizo Leta ya Yuvenali Habyarimana ,kwita abantu Abagande ,kandi igahindukira ikerekana bamwe mu banyarwanda ko ari benewabo.
Kimwe mu byaje kunyura ibintu ariko ni aho Radiyo Rwanda yajyaga inacishaho abo Leta yitaga ko bafatiwe ku rugamba , maze ikajya ibakoresha ibiganiro ( n’ubwo byitwaga ikinamico ).
Ariko ibyo byanatumaga abantu bumva nibura ko abo babaga babazwa, kubera ko babaga basubiza mu Kinyarwanda ,byoroheraga abakurikira ibintu n’ibindi ko mu by’ukuri abateye igihugu, ari Abanyarwanda bashakaga gutaha ariko Leta ikajya ibyangira ku bwende.
Ku bijyanye n’ibyavuzwe nk’impamvu ya Kabiri yatumaga uru rugamba rugaragarara nk’urutazoroha ariko ,ni uko Habyarimana Yuvenali ubwe yari afite amakuru ahagije ku bigwi by’abakomanda ba FPR-Inkotanyi , bari bayobowe na General Major Fred Gisa Rwigema ,uyu mujenerali kandi bikaba bizwi ko Habyarimana ubwe yari amuzi imbonankubone.
Kimwe n’abandi basirikare bari bakomeye mu Nkotanyi ,bakoreraga mu Ngabo za Uganda ,barimo Paul Kagame wari ukuriye i Biro by’Ubutasi muri Uganda ,n’abandi benshi umuntu atarondora ,byari ibintu bitatumaga ubutegetsi budatora agatotsi na mba.
FPR-Inkotanyi yari yamaze gusesekara mu Turere nka Rwamagana na Kayonza mu gihe kitarenze icyumweru, ariko kubera izi ngufu z’ubumenyi mu bya gisirikare n’ikinyeshyamba ( Guerilla Field Craft ) uyu mutwe wari wibitseho, byanashoboka ko nk’uko bamwe babikekaga ,haba harabayeho gukeneka ingabo za Habyarimana ,na zo zitatinze guhita zibimenya zigatabaza amahanga kuza kuzifasha.
Uku kuba ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi ariko zari zifite ubuhanga no kumenyera intambara kurusha abari abasirikare b’u Rwanda icyo gihe ,ntibyabujije ko nyuma gato Inkotanyi zashubijwe inyuma ,nyuma y’uko Habyarimana yari amaze gutabaza amahanga .
Zarahuruye ingabo za Zaire, zirahurura ingabo z’u Bubiligi ,baraje Abafaransa ,yewe na Misiri ngo yaba yaratanze ingabo n’ibikoresho ,byatumye inkotanyi zisubira inyuma.
Ikindi cyashegeshe umugambi wo gukomeza urugamba ni imiterere y’urubuga rw’aharwanirwaga hari higanje amashyamba ,n’umukenke w’u Mutara ,wari woroheye cyane Ex-FAR kuwurwaniramo n’ibifaru bya bo ,ndetse na Kajugujugu z’intambara zo mu bwoko bwa Gazelle zari zorohejwe n’u Bufaransa , no kurwanira ahantu harambuye,hatari horoheye inyeshyamba na gato.
Ibi ariko ntibihagije ,kuko Ingabo za Habyarimana zanakomeje kongera umubare w’abasirikare ,nubwo ku nshuro zakurikiye nyuma y’aho FPR Inkotanyi yimuriye urugamba mu Mutara ,ikarutwara za Ruhengeri na Byuma ,ibi byabaye nko kwikoza ubusa ,kuko Leta yongeraga umubare ,FPR nayo igakoresha amayeri yo kwagura aharwanirwaga.
Bityo ba basirikare bakanga bakaba iyanga kuri Habyarimana ,mu gihe Inkotanyi zo zari zaratojwe kurwana ari amatsinda mato mato ,kandi akoresha ibirenge mu ngendo zabo ( Mobile Forces ).
Ibi bisobanuye ko agatsinda (Platoon) k’inkotanyi kimwe k’abasirikare nka 45 ,kashoboraga gutesha umutwe Umutwe w’ingabo w’abasirikare 600 ( Battalion ) yo mu ngabo za Leta.
Ku ngingo ya Gatatu abantu badakunda kugira nini mu ntambara ariko ,hari ikibazo cy’uko Yuvenali Habyarimana yasaga n’umuntu ugira akarimi kareshyareshya no kubeshya amahanga.
Iri ni ihurizo FPR-Inkotanyi yagombaga guhangana na ryo.
Bidatinze ariko uyu mutwe w’inyeshyamba wahise utangiza ibikorwa by’ubukangurambaga ku mugabane w’Uburayi , Amerika ndetse no mu karere.
Iyi ni yo ntambara yari ikomeye kumvisha abaperezida nka Marichal Mobutu Sese Seko wayoboraga Zaire ko ibikorwa by’intambara byadutse mu Rwanda,ari ugushaka ko abanyarwanda bataha mu gihugu bari barameneshejwemo ,mu myaka ikabakaba 30 bari babaye hanze.
Mobutu ntiyatinze kubyumva ,kuko yahise ategura inama kuyi iyi ntambara ,harimo n’iyabereye Gbadorite muri Zaire ,Nsele n’ahandi.
Izi nama zose zigaga ku ntambara yo mu Rwanda, ari na ho yahereye acyura abasirikare ba Zaire bari mu Rwanda ,ukuyemo ko bari banamaze kujya baraswa cyane ,kubera kwibera mu iraha ryo guhiga inyamaswa mu Kagera aho kurwana intambara batanumvaga iyo ariyo n’impamvu za yo.
Uretse u Bufaransa bwanze kuva ku izima, bukagumisha abasirikare bo kurwana ku ruhande rwa Ex-FAR ,ibindi bihugu nk’u Bubuligi byagiye bikuramo akabyo karenge gahoro gahoro .
Ni nako abadipolomate nka Patrick Mazimpaka , Tito Rutaremara , Jaques Bihozagara ,Madame Inyumba Aloysia n’abandi bakada ba FPR bari bakajije umurego mu kumvikanisha impamvu y’urugamba rwari rushyushye rwahuzaga Leta na FPR Inkotanyi.
Ku wa 04 Nyakanga 1994 rero nibwo hatangazwaga iby’uko intambara irangiye ,nyuma y’uko RPF n’ingabo zayo ,zari zimaze kwigarurira umujyi wa Kigali wose , mu gihe Butare yafatwaga icyo gihe nk’umujyi wa kabiri yari yaraye ifashwe kuya 03 Nyakanga 1994 ,mu mirwano ikaze yahanganishije ingabo za Leta na FPR Inkotanyi mu nkengero z’uyu mujyi.
Ingabo z’Abafaransa kandi zari zatangiye gukora amarondo kuri Mwogo , kajugujugu za zo zitembera hejuru ya Sovu na Simbi ,hahoze ari kuri Komine Maraba na za Runyinya ,zishaka gutanguranwa na FPR gufata Butare ngo zizahakore Zone Turquoise, FPR iba yabimenye kare ibatanga kwigarurira Butare bidasubirwaho.
Bimwe mu bihe bikomeye byaranze urugamba rwa gisirikare FPR Inkotanyi yarwanagamo na Leta ya MRND
Icya mbere umuntu yavuga ,ni ukuba FPR Inkotanyi yarisanze iri kurwana urugamba rwamaze imyaka 4 ,mu gihe ( n’ubwo nta makuru abyerekana ) uyu mutwe utibwiraga ko iyi ntambara yamara igihe kingana gutya!
Impamvu umwe wese abasha gutekereza atya ,ni uko nta kuntu FPR yaba yari izi ko intambara izatinda ,yamara ikarwanira gufata Rwamagana yihuse ,nko kuvuga ko i Kigali hasaga nk’ahabariwe nibura ukwezi kumwe hakaba hafashwe, byanakunze kugarukwaho mu mvugo y’intambara ya FRP yavugaga iti “Songa mbele mpaka Nyamijoss” .
Wenda bamwe baravuga bati “Late Fred Gisa Rwigema yari amaze kuraswa”. Nyamara ibi ntawabyemeza atyo, kuko nta nuzi ko iyo bitagenda gutyo ,hari isura byari guhindura ku kwihuta kw’intambara ,kuko n’abakomanda bamusimbuye batari boroshye ku by’urugamba.
FPR Inkotanyi ariko, yari ifite irindi hurizo ry’uko itagombaga kwigaragaza nk’umutwe ufite inyota y’ubutegetsi kurusha impamvu nyamukuru yatumye ugaba ibitero , imwe muri zo kwari ugucyura impunzi, no gukemura ibindi bibazo byari bikubiye muri Manifesto yayo mu ngingo 8 zari ziyigize.
Ibi byo kuba FPR Inkotanyi itarigaragaje ko ishaka ubutegetsi cyane ni nk’aho ingabo zayo yateye kuwa 08 Werurwe 1993, zigasatira Kigali, iyo za Shyorongi,ariko kubw’uko amahanga na FPR bashakaga ko iki kibazo kirangira mu buryo bw’ibiganiro ,ariko umugaba w’ingabo za yo, General Major Paul Kagame agategeka ko ingabo za yo zisubira inyuma mu birindiro zahozemo.
Ibi byatumye abantu batangira kubona ko urugamba rutoroshye ,bibaza ko kuba Inkotanyi zaratanze inda ya bukuru kuri Leta ,cyari nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko isaha n’isaha noneho FPR n’ingabo zayo bashoboraga kuzana undi muvuduko, urenze bagahita bafata igihugu cyose mu gihe nk’icyo guhumbya.
Aho ni ho imishyikirano ya Arusha yongeye gutora agatege ,n’ubwo iteka bene iyo mishyikirano iyo idakoranywe ubushake ,ari ugusukumana ,ishyerezo itagira icyo igeraho .
Ni uko byagenze mu Rwanda, abantu bakaba bari mu biganiro ,abandi bategura jenoside i Kigali , nk’uko Col Bagosora ubwe yigeze kubyivugira ko n’ubwo Inkotanyi zari mu biganiro na Leta, ko ariko we yari kwitegurira imperuka y’abatutsi ( Apocalypse ).
Iyi ntambara kandi yagiye irangwa n’udukoryo twinshi, turimo urugamba rwari rukomeye cyane.
Gusa muri iyi nkuru ntihabonetse umwanya wo kuva imuzingo iby’intambara bwite ,ariko igihe nigikunda,Bwiza.com izabigarukaho mu nkuru zitaha.
Kimwe n’uko kandi ntawirengagije ukuntu ingabo za FPR Inkotanyi zarwanaga ,zibafatanya urugamba no guhagarika jenoside ,kandi mu bigaragara ku itariki nk’iyi ya 01 Ukwakira 1990 ,intambara itangira, nta teganyamigambi ryo kuzahangana na abakora jenosode ryari ryakozwe.
Ni mugihe kandi kuko abantu batakekaga ko izabaho,n’ubwo nyuma gato muri za 1992 hari ibimenyetso by’uko isaha n’isaha Leta yashoboraga kuzarimbura abantu, Loni n’umuryango mpuzamahanga bigaterera agate mu ryinyo,kugeza aho imbaga y’abatutsi basaga miliyoni n’abandi batavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bishwe ,isi yose irebera.
Mu gusoza iyi nkuru kandi Bwiza.com iboneyeho kwifuriza abatangije kandi bakanarwana uru rugamba rutari rworoshye,kugeza bahagaritse jenoside yakorerwaga abatutsi mu kuwa 04 Nyakanga 1994.
David Eugene Marshall / Bwiza.com
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